class of October 5 and 12, 2015

Hi all,

I wanted to pass you the links to the grammar sheets:

you can find them here

and

here

See you again next week!

———

Sorry, I forgot to post our class of Oct 5:

Homework: p. 96 / 1c, d, 2, prep. 3 (adapted)
Please don’t forget to read newspaper articles – and finish your work on 1984!

Do the translation (p. 97, ll 7-17)

Read p. 101 and do ex. 1, 2, 3, 4.

1. 97 “Down and Out – and Up?”

poverty = the state of being poor; poor = having little money; not having enough money for basic needs.

Further information: ACCORD (Action for Community Organisation, Rehabilitation and Development) is an NGO (non-governmental organization) working with tribal people in Gudalur, Tamil Nadu, southern India. Founded in 1986 by MM Thekaera and her husband Stan Thekaera, it has been involved with Adivasi land rights issues and runs schools and hospitals as well as subsidizing tea plantations.

PovertyNet (www.worldbank.org/poverty) is a World Bank website providing information about poverty, its measurement, its impacts and initiatives to reduce poverty.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KRHztkJJX4A Blue Collar, Pink Collar, and White Collar Jobs

1. 98 / 1a) Before T. visits Glasgow, she thinks it is absurd that people with all the facilities available to the inhabitants of a Glasgow housing estate should be considered as living in poverty. In India, such amenities would be considered luxuries.

1b) Once in Glasgow, she realizes that poverty has more than just a material dimension; the unemployed of Easterhouse are psychologically scarred b their experience, and on the emotional, if not on the material, level, the unemployed in Glasgow are worse off. Both are socially deprived, but in different ways.

vicious circle = Teufelskreis

HOMEWORK: Translate ll. 7 – 17 into German:

We were told that Easterhouse housing estate in Glasgow is considered Europe’s worst slum. We thought this was ludicrous. These people had assured housing, electricity, hot and cold water, refrigerators, gas or electric cooking ranges. By Indian standards this was middle-class luxury. At the back of my mind, I could see anaemic, emaciated adivasi women carrying water in pots from half-a-kilometre away. Huts without electricity. Women searching for firewood every evening. But then, suddenly, it hit us. Most of the men in Easterhouse hadn’t had a job in 20 years. They were dipirited, depressed, often alcoholic. Their self-esteem had gone. Emotionally and mentally they were far worse off than the poor where we lived, even though the physical trappings of poverty were less stark.

1. 99 / 1) The expenditure on cigarettes (which Erica comments on and tries to excuse) and on tokens for gas and electricity (obviously the residents are not trusted to pay bills, but have to pay immediately for what they use) take up the largest part of her budget. The family’s diet is obiously more filling than it is healthy. The stress is on carbohydrates; there is no fresh fruit or vegetables and no meat or any other protein but from beans. Expenditure on transport, hygiene and entertainment seems to be a big problem.

2) Erica as a mother obiously feels upset that she cannot afford to pay for her kids’ school trips and even has difficulty feeding them. She resents judgemental comments by others about her need for cigarettes. The family seems to spend a lot of time watching TV, maybe in order to escape from their bleak reality or because other activities are simply unaffordable. Ivor does not bother to get up and do anything at all, which is a clear indication that he is suffering from depression.

 

Please watch your pronunciation: calm, psychological, to borrow, debt,

 

Please hand in the translation until the end of October, that is to say, until Oct 26, if you hand it in on paper, or a few days later if you are going to send it by e-mail!

class of Sept 28, 2015

1b)

verb	adjective	noun (agent)	noun (action)
purchase	–	purchaser	purchase / purchasing
consume	–	consumer	consumption
distribute	distributive distributional	distributor	distribution
exploit	exploitative exploitive (AE)	exploiter	exploitation
invest	–	investor	investment
represent	representative	rep representative	representation
sell	–	seller salesperson salesman saleswoman	sale
trade	–	trader	trade

1c)

1b) MW;

A stockbroker’s job is to buy and sell shares (stakes in the ownership of an enterprise) on the stockmarket. He or she trades these shares on behalf of shareholders. The rise and fall of share prices depents mainly on the profitability of the company concerned. A skilful stockbroker will follow economic trends and anticipate booms and slumps. Shares also react to changes in the exchange rate of world currencies and a stockbroker should be able to take advantage of currency exchange rates to make money for his or her client.

2a) PS;

A sales rep is responsible for selling a company’s merchandise to retailers and distributors. His or her aim is to secure contracts for his or her company’s goods. A rep will try to receive as many orders for the goods and services as possible. This creates profits for the firm and secures him or her a good reputation. He or she usually travels a lot, advising customers on new products and distributing samples.

3c) AK;

The customer purchases or buys something at a retail outlet such as a shop. One speaks of the customer as a consumer, as he or she consumes the product or service offered by a business. As a target group, customers are generally influenced by advertising, which encourages them to spend money on the product being advertised. Where there is no direct need for a product, advertising will often try to create a demand for it. New products and services are constantly being put on the market.

Lisa & Georg, if you want to join us on this task: Page 92, 1c: Please write a short text (as seen above). Lisa: picture 4, box E; Georg: picture 5, box D. You can send it to me by e-Mail or hand it in next time, if you want to. (Brownie points awaiting) 😉

p. 96 / 1a) Willy accuses Howard of having profited from his work for the company and of being unsupportive now that he is old, while Howard refuses to allow considerations of charity and friendship to get in the way of business success.

HOMEWORK: p. 84 / 3 (MINDMUP), p. 93 / 2, 3, read p. 245 (WORKING WITH CARTOONS), learn the vocab, p. 96 / 1b-d, 2, prep. 3!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AourzK4HR6E

class of Sep 21, 2015

HOMEWORK:
Please work on 1984 and the handout – I’ll get back to you on that in October!
Further homework: p. 84 / 3 & p. 91 “Watch your language”
p. 88 / ex 3
Key sentences:
§1: Economists are… enthusiastic environmentalists.
§2: upper-middle class Americans are sentimental about protecting the environment as long as it does not impinge on their lifestyle; standard economic theory predisposes… to favor strong environmental protection.
§3: everyone knows that economists… believe that whatever free markets do must be right.
§5: pollution taxes will reduce GDP ; people will not work as hard as they would have without the tax.
§6: taxes on pollution could be used to reduce other taxes
§7: on balance consensus is that pollution tax would be more likely to reduce GDP
§8: getting the price of the environment right means a rise in … nonmarket goods like clean air and leisure time.
§9: can 2,500 economists be wrong?
Summary…. please finish the summary at home.

today’s class & homework

p. 71 / 2a) application -> to apply sth.

observation -> observe sth

p. 76 / 1a

walking,

PRO: to see the nature, no electricity needed, low CO2 outcome
CON: we have to build ways, bad influence to environment, nature will be destroyed

hiking,

PRO: to see the nature, no electricity needed, low CO2 outcome

CON: left litter on the way (pollution), smokers leave their garbage and can cause fire in droughts.

mountain-biking,

PRO: no car needed, increase of use as well in everyday-activities,

CONS: bikes need to be produced -> pollution; not easy to dispose a broken bike, destroy nature and kill animals / insects by mistake;

running,

swimming,

PRO: If the water quality is not okay, people might engage in cleaning up the lake / river etc.; bonding; you grow fond of nature and hence want to protect it;

CON: swimming can also be done in a pool, therefore they have to be built and this destroys land; maintainance (chlorine, energy)

climbing,

surfing,

PRO: no vehicle needed, bonding,

CON: surfing contests are huge, people leave garbage and destroy nature in order to set them up; one has to use the airplane to get to the beaches;

horseback-riding,

PRO: strong bonding with the horse & nature; natural fertiliser (horse poop);

CON: some people don’t treat horses right; horses destroy and eat plants

bungee-jumping,

PRO: people respect nature
CON: The bases have to be built; nature is destroyed; people leave garbage

inline-skating

PRO: see: running

CONS: see mountain-biking

1b)

PRO

Georg & Martina

CON

Lisa & Andrej

4a)

– the idea of the world as an object floating above a field (ll. 1- 5)

– the geography of the earth (ll. 5- 8)

– the atmosphere and climate ( ll. 8-9)

– the animals on the surface and in the water (ll. 9-11)

– the reaction of the people to the aerth (ll. 11 – 20)

5)

It is a poem, as it has strong imagery; it is divided into lines; it makes use of repetition (opening and closing lines, “people would..”; ll. 5, 7, 9, 11), enumeration (to pray…, to be healed, to gain knowledge, to know beauty and to wonder, ll. 14 – 16).

It is not a poem, as it has no real rhymes; it consists simply of prose sentences divided randomly into lines in a shape.

HOMEWORK:

p. 76 / 2, p. 77 / 6 a + b, 7; read red hints!, p. 78/1+2, check “useful words & phrases” + red hints. Take a look at p. 277 (shape poems)

all about science

Sheet „Context Clues Part 1“

1) influence

2) available

3) opportunity

4) ability

5) audience

6) height

7) support

8) convince

9) instrument

HOMEWORK: Book p. 71: Science, Technology and Controversy

endeavor = Bemühung

spawn = ausbrüten

1) in-class (done)

2a) – 2c) Homework (AGAIN!!)

Please read p. 250 + 259

do: p. 74 / 1, 2, 3, 5a

your examples on “In what area do we look to science to save us?”

– health

– Antibiotics (discovered by scientists)

– electricity

– stem-cell research / genetics

– in-vitro fertilisation

– to beat deseases (cancer, Alzheimer, …)

– scyscrapers

– search for earthlike planets

– first aid / medicine

all about science…

Today’s homework:
Please complete pp. 69 / 70 (see below)
p. 71 / 2 a – c + read p. 250!
p. 75 (complete!)
hints on p. 69f:
Partner A’s statements:
1: false. The fuel cell produces energy.
2: true
3: False. In order to tell the difference, you have to look inside.
4: False. You fill the tank at the pump, just like a gas tank.
5: True.
6: False. It is sent to the “traction inverter module”, which turns the wheels.
Partner B’s statements:
1: False. It uses hydrogen to produce energy and water.
2: true
3: False. The electrons pass through an external circuit, which produces the electric current for the car.
4: False. Extracting hydrogen from methane is cheaper.
5: true
6: False. They already provide power for spacecraft and might even power whole cities in the future.
Ex 2:
Benefits:
It would reduce dependence on oil or petroleum, supplies of which are limited; it would eliminate emissions which directly affect health; it would eliminate emissions which contribute to global warming; it would eliminate emissions which damage the ozone layer; it could be cheaper to own and operate. The losers would be oil companies and countries with large oil reserves.
3a) Partizipial-Konstruktionen – bitte schaut euch diese nochmal in den Grammatiken an, wenn ihr die Regeln auffrischen wollt!
The first example contains a participle replacing a relative clause; the second contains a participle describing accompanying circumstances of an action.
“Hydrogen, pumped to the cell’s negatively charged side,…”: past participle replacing a relative clause. It is a past participle because of the passive verb in the relative clause. The construction with a relative clause would be: “Hydrogen, which is pumped…”
“A platinum membrane … to the positive side, thus forcing them…”: past participle describing accompanying cicrumstances.
3b) Hydrogen is pumped to … side, where it divides…
Hydrogen, which is pumped… side, divides…
When hydrogen is pumped…side, it divides…
A platinum membrane… side, which forces…
A platinum membrane… side, which are then forced…
A platinum membrane… side and forces…
The construction can be used to shorten complex sentences, e.g. ones with relative clauses, and so it is more economical. Therefore it is often used in scientific texts, where a lot of information is given in a very dense manner. It can also be used to express the fact that two things are happening at the same time (=> accompanying circumstances) or that one leads to another, which is useful for describing processes, and is common in scientific prose.
4a) I think rats might be controlled from afar by remote control. Scientists might transmit signals which cause the rats to do what the scientists want them to. The signals could, for example, cause the rats to feel pain or pleasure, which could then be used to guide them in a certain direction.
4b) 1b, 2c, 3a, 4d.

p. 242 – end of book: these SKILL PAGES are extremely important for your final exams, so please take some time and go through them during the summer holidays! I can only advise you to study hard and offer you every help there is.

today’s class and homework

p. 54: ex. 7:

PRO
+ young people can make a difference because they are the adults of tomorrow and if they care about such problems now, they would find solutions in the future.
+ everyone might improve the world a little bit, so young people would do so as well / would contribute to this improvement as well.
+ If you share your knowledge of how to do things in a better way, young people adopt these strategies and they come naturally.

CON
– “Money makes the world go round” – usually, young people don’t have a lot of money.
– young people aren’t interested in the world’s problems.
– young people just want to have fun.
– Power is necessary to change the world.
– they’re simply too young – they’re lacking experience.
– nobody respects their opinion.

Homework:
Read p. 272: „writing letters“ (ABI!!)
Do p. 55 (auto-corr – you already received the answers, but dedicate some time to it, this is important to improve your style!)
Please start with chapter 3 – revise the vocabulary and take a look at pp. 56 – 66!

homework

Hi guys,
Please read p. 45 B: “Sonnet 130” and check the vocabulary as well as the red hints. (This will take some time, please invest it!! It’s very important to revise these points because they are relevant for the final exams!)
Glossary: Stylistic devices (pp. 289ff)
Reading Poetry p. 263
glossary: Sonnet, Rhyme, Metre pp. 278-279

do ex 1, 2, 3, 4.
See you next time!

today’s class & homework

Since we didn’t get a chance to check last time’s homework, please DO IT and bring it with you next time (p. 40 / ex 1 – 3)
We did some exercises on the Reported Speech and I gave you the solutions to the homework from April 27.

Please take special care with the red hints in the book – check the texts in the back because they will help you with the exercises, they explain the tasks and guide you through it.

If you can, please take a look at p. 41, read the text and do 1a) – this will really help you with the topic vocabulary!
We worked on pp. 42 and 43, we managed to do Ex 1 and we worked on ex 2
Possible solutions to ex 2:
Joe is relatively modest:
“To be honest, mixing came quite naturally to me” (1st paragraph); “it was hardly professional” (2nd paragraph); “I was over the moon, but I knew I’d have to stay calm” (4th paragraph); “I just kept on practising” (4th p.); “I got quite nervous” (5th p.); “alongside the real DJ-ing masters like Carl…” (7th p.); “I’m happy just working toward my ambition” (7th p.)
Joe is not so modest:
“I thought I had a chance of doing well because I’m so dedicated” (5th paragraph); “I had a quick chat and he said how impressed he was with me” (6th p.); “When I found out I had won, I wasn’t too shocked as I think I’m good at what I do” (6th p.); “I love it and it shows!” (6th p.); “I gave the crowd what they wanted and everyone went bananas” (6th p.)

As for exercise 3, I will give you some hints. Please take a MONOLINGUAL dictionary (you can borrow mine if you want to) and try to solve this exercise!!
Spin-tastic
1st paragraph: amp; pretty
2nd p: get the whole dance thing; be over the moon; I guess
5th p: ‘cause; loads
6th p: go bananas

The use of informal and slang words (together with the very straightforward language) make the text sound both cool and chatty. You feel Joe is talking directly to you.

Further HOMEWORK: read the HINTS!
Read p. 44 / do ex. 1, 2, 4, 5.

GRAMMAR (REPITITION)

Beispiel He said, “I am happy.” – He said that he was happy.
Wörtliche Rede Indirekte Rede
Simple Present Simple Past
Present Progressive Past Progressive
Simple Past Past Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Simple
Past Perfect Simple
Past Progressive Past Perfect Progressive
Present Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive
Future I (going to) was / were going to
Future I (will) Conditional I (would)
Conditional I (would)
Die Verben could, should, would, might, must, needn’t, ought to, used to ändern sich normalerweise nicht.

p. 40ff – important vocabulary – please learn these well!
emergence = appearance = das Auftauchen, das Aufkommen, der Austritt, das Erscheinen
phenomenon = das Phänomen, die Erscheinung
leisure time = die Freizeit
rite of passage => ceremony or event that marks an important stage in sb’s life = der Schritt ins Erwachsenenleben
to provoke a response = Eine Reaktion / Antwort bewirken / auslösen
contradictory = widersprüchlich // contradiction = Widerspruch
a defining moment = a key event = ein Schlüsselereignis
inspire sth = etw. anregen
impact = die Auswirkung
lead the way = führend sein
slow down = nachlassen, abnehmen; auch Nomen
distinct = deutlich, eindeutig
contemporary = zeitgenössisch, zeitgemäß, zeitnah
dull = matt; uninteressant, öde, stumpf
contain sth. = etwas enthalten, umfassen, beinhalten
make a point = ein Argument anbringen, seine Ansicht durchsetzen
relate to sth = etw. mit etw. in Beziehung bringen
revival => process in which sth becomes popular or fashionable again = die Wiederbelebung, die Auferweckung
honest =
keen =
be over the moon =
to get used to sth =
to have a laugh =
to be dedicated to sth =
to have a chat =
down to earth =
wish sb. luck =
in the meantime =
ambition =

Homework

Please read the text on p. 40 and do exercises 1 – 3.
Please take a look at the vocab and on the red prompts on the left and means: take a look at pp. 270 and 286 as well, thank you).